This doesn't work (yet)
Ubuntu sets up fonts very nicely from the getgo. You can easily install new True Type fonts by going to "fonts://" in nautilus.
However, for whatever reason, these TTFs are not visible to programs like Emacs that use the xfontsel method of using fonts. Here is how to get your TTFs to be visible in xfontsel
Install xfs and xfstt
sudo apt-get install xfs xfstt
Edit /etc/default/xfstt
# Defaults for xfstt init.d script # # Valid values are: yes no LISTEN_TCP="yes"
Restart the font server
sudo /etc/init.d/xfstt restart
Add the font server to your font path on startup (add to System->Preferences->Sessions->Startup Programs)
xset fp+ unix/:7101
At this point you should now see a new foundry called ttf inside xfontsel. However, you still won't find any fonts that you have installed with your user account. This probably isn't the best way, but here is how I have gotten around this problem.
Make a symbolic link from your .fonts directory in the system fonts directory.
sudo ln -s /home/username/.fonts /usr/share/fonts/truetype/ttf-username
Rebuild the font cache
sudo fc-cache -f -v
Restart the font server
sudo /etc/init.d/xfstt restart
Now you should see your fonts in xfontsel under the foundry ttf, under the family 'username'.